45-70 – or 55 grains of powder for the lighter cavalry carbine.The Springfield Model 1873 used the heavily refined hinged breechblock mechanism, often referred to as the "Trapdoor" because of its hinge located ontop of the barrel which opens vertically. This mechanism had originally been designed by Erskine S. Allin for the Springfield Model 1865 (named, occasionally, the "First Allin") and had been improved through the Model 1866 and Model 1868. The Model 1868 would also form the basis of the Model 1873, although with several significant changes. The barrel of the Model 1873 was made of a low grade steel, rather than iron as the Model 1868 (and earlier Springfields, all the way back to the Model 1795 Musket) had used. It was also given a tighter 1:22 rifling twist (producing a greater spin on the bullet than the Model 1868 was capable of) and the bore was changed to accept the smaller. 45-70 Government cartridge, which fired a. Other mechanical features to be changed from the Model 1868 included the hammer, which was rounded off (to improve the contact with the firing pin, and reduce the potential to dislodge it) and rear sight, which was changed and moved further along the barrel (improving the accuracy of the Model 1873 when using the sights).
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